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A powerful gi choke where the practitioner grips the opponent’s collar, rotates their body, and pulls like drawing a bowstring. The leverage from the legs and grip creates a tight strangle with high finishing efficiency.

The rank just below black belt, where practitioners refine techniques and sharpen their competitive or teaching skills. At this level, athletes are expected to display efficiency, strategy, and a near-complete understanding of BJJ concepts.

A guard position where the practitioner sits upright with both feet hooked inside the opponent’s thighs. The hooks provide strong leverage for off-balancing, elevating, and sweeping opponents.

The foot placements inside the opponent’s thighs while playing butterfly guard. These hooks are the key tools for creating lift and controlling balance, making them interchangeable with the guard itself.

A fundamental attack from butterfly guard where the hooks are used to elevate and tilt the opponent, sweeping them to the mat. Often combined with grips and angle changes, this sweep transitions directly into dominant top positions.

The concept of linking multiple techniques together in fluid succession. Effective chain movement prevents stagnation and forces opponents to constantly defend, opening pathways for sweeps, passes, or submissions.

The process of anticipating and capitalizing on an opponent’s defensive responses. Each reaction creates a new opportunity, allowing the practitioner to stay one step ahead.

Understanding how submission attempts connect — for example, moving from a triangle to an armbar to an omoplata. This awareness creates constant threats and raises submission success rates.

A style of sparring done at very low intensity, often at the beginning of training sessions. It emphasizes flow, movement, and loosening the body without resistance or pressure.

Any choke using grips on the opponent’s gi collar to compress the neck. Variations include cross collar chokes, loop chokes, and bow and arrow setups.

A movement where the practitioner grips the opponent’s collar and pulls them forward and down, usually to set up a back take or off-balance from standing or guard.

Applying body weight and pressure to limit an opponent’s ability to move or breathe effectively. Common in top control, this principle makes escapes more difficult and sets up further attacks.

A grip made by inserting one or both hands into the opponent’s gi collar, typically palm-up. This grip is used to break posture, control movement, or initiate collar-based submissions.

A control technique where the shoulder or forearm is driven across the opponent’s face, turning their head away. This breaks posture, limits mobility, and creates discomfort that enhances positional dominance, especially from side control.

A variation of half guard where the practitioner moves underneath the opponent’s leg, controlling their base from below. This position creates strong leverage for sweeps and reversals.

A guard named after Ricardo de la Riva, involving an outside hook with one leg around the opponent’s lead leg. Often paired with sleeve or ankle grips to off-balance and set up sweeps or back takes.

A classic sweep from guard that uses a hook under the opponent’s leg combined with hip movement to lift and tilt them off balance, transitioning to top position.

A core grappling principle of using the opponent’s momentum or force against them. Instead of resisting directly, the practitioner guides or redirects energy to create sweeps, passes, or submissions.

A gi choke performed by gripping inside one sleeve and applying the forearm across the opponent’s neck, usually from mount or inside the opponent’s guard. No-gi adaptations exist, but the gi version is most common.

A light, cooperative sparring style where both partners move continuously, prioritizing transitions, creativity, and fluidity over winning or finishing.